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Introduction: Body image is the percep?on and a?tude one holds toward one’s own body, especially, but not exclusively, one’s physical appearance. The promo?on of posi?ve body image improves people’s quality of life and behaviors related to health. Social factors, sociocultural influences, media pressure, and the pursuit of an ideal body, associated with accomplishments and happiness are among the causes of changes in the percep?on of body image, leading to dissa?sfac?on. There is very less literature on these topics among males and also medical students. Objec?ves: To assess body image percep?on and the influence of sociocultural factors on it and self-esteem among undergraduate students of a medical college. Methods: A cross-sec?onal study was carried out among 192 undergraduate medical students of a medical college from June 2021 to September 2021 using a predesigned pretested self-administered ques?onnaire in English. Results: Out of 200 students included in the study the mean age of study subjects was 19.78 ± 1.39 years, of which,107(56%) were males and 85(44%) were females. The 192 students were classified as Underweight (27(14%)), Normal weight (78(41%)), Overweight (43(22%)) and Obese I (44(23%)) according to Asian WHO BMI classifica?on. BISS scores (which measure body image sa?sfac?on) were the median of the six items a?er reversescoring the three posi?ve-to-nega?ve items which were found to be 5.5(4-7) and 53% of students showed body image dissa?sfac?on. 33% (63 students) of students have thin/low body fat internaliza?on and about 77(40%) have muscular/athle?c internaliza?on.54(28%) students mostly agree about family pressure to a?ain the ideal appearance, 53(28%) feel pressure from peers and 75(39%) mostly agree with influence of media to a?ain ideal appearance. Out of the 192 students,124(64%) showed normal self-esteem, 63(33%) with low self-esteem, and 5(3%) with high selfesteem as per Rosenberg’s self-esteem score. A sta?s?cally significant associa?on was found between BMI and body image percep?on and also between Body image percep?on with sociocultural a?tudes toward the appearance and self-esteem of students. Conclusion: Body image dissa?sfac?on affects young students. In this study, about 53% of the students showed body image dissa?sfac?on. This percep?on of self has mainly been influenced by media (39%), family pressure (28%), and peer pressure (28%). Also, 33% of the students have low esteem with a significant associa?on between Body image percep?on and self-esteem.
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@#Introduction: Self-esteem is important for the development of adolescent’s psychological well-being. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is the most commonly used instrument for measuring self-esteem. However, the Malay-language version of the RSES (RSES-M) has not been validated among upper secondary school students in Malaysia. Methods: We administered the RSES-M to 3349 students who participated in the Malaysia Adolescent Health Risk Behavior (MyAHRB) study. The construct validity of the RSES-M was assessed using exploratory factor analysis while internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach alpha. Results: The study identified two factors in the RSES-M. The variance for the first and second factor was 30.32% and 19.91%, respectively, Item 7 (I wish I could have more respect to myself) which showed a positive correlation with the positive wording contrasted with the original RSES. Such contrary may be due to social and cultural background difference. Conclusion: The translated version of RSES-M can be considered as a valid tool to measure self-esteem in upper school going adolescents in Malaysia. However, future studies to determine the psychometric properties of item 7 in the Malaysian setting are strongly recommended to enhance the validity of RSES-M
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Se efectuó un estudio longitudinal, prospectivo y comparativo de 43 adultos con estrabismo, quienes acudieron al Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital Infantil Sur de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero del 2015 hasta mayo del 2017, a fin de valorar su autoestima. A todos se les realizó un examen oftalmológico completo, que mostró el grado de desviación media antes y después de la cirugía. Se les aplicó una prueba de autoestima de Rosenberg, previa a la intervención y 2 meses después de esta. Prevalecieron el sexo femenino, la edad media de 48,5 años y la exotropía. Antes de la cirugía, el nivel de autoestima estuvo por debajo de 25 puntos en la mayoría de los pacientes (81,3 por ciento); sin embargo, posterior a esta fue baja en solo 2,3 por ciento y normal en 90,6 por ciento, lo que causó un impacto favorable en la calidad de vida e integración social de los afectados.
A longitudinal, prospective and comparative study of 43 adults with strabismus who went to the Ophthalmology Service of the Southern Pediatric Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2015 to May, 2017 was carried out, in order to evaluate their self-esteem. A complete ophthalmological exam was carried out to all, which showed the average deviation degree before and after surgery. A Rosenberg self-esteem test was applied, previous to the intervention and 2 months after it. The female sex, the mean age of 48.5 years and the exotropy prevailed. Before surgery, the self-esteem level was below 25 points in most of the patients (81.3 percent); however, after this it was low in only 2.3 percent and normal in 90.6 percent, what caused a favourable impact in the life quality and social integration of the affected patients.
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Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Self Concept , Strabismus/psychology , Behavior Rating Scale , Secondary Care , ExotropiaABSTRACT
Abstract: Rosenberg's self-esteem scale has been extensively used in all areas of psychology to assess global self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965, 1979). Its construct validity, and specifically its factor structure, has almost from the beginning been under debate. More than four decades after its creation the cumulated evidence points that the scale measures a single trait (self-esteem) but confounded by a method factor associated to negatively worded items. The aim of the study is to examine the measurement invariance of the RSES by gender and test potential gender differences at the latent (trait and method) variable level, while controlling for method effects, in a sample of Spanish students. A series of completely a priori structural models were specified, with a standard invariance routine implemented for male and female samples. The results lead to several conclusions. Conclusions: a) the scale seem gender invariant for both trait and method factors; b) there were small but significant differences between males and females in self-esteem, differences that favored male respondents; and c) there were statistically non-significant differences between men and women in the method factor's latent means.
Resumen: La Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (EAR) ha sido utilizada extensamente en todas las áreas de la Psicología para evaluar la autoestima (Rosenberg, 1965, 1979). Su validez de constructo, y particularmente su estructura factorial, ha estado en debate casi desde que fue construida. Más de cuatro décadas después de su creación, la evidencia acumulada señala que la escala evalúa un solo rasgo (autoestima), aunque se confunde con un método factorial asociado de manera negative con reactivos verbales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la estabilidad de la medición de la EAR entre sexos y poner a prueba potenciales diferencias entre los mismos en un nivel latente de la variable (rasgo y estado), controlando efectos de método, en una muestra de estudiantes españoles. Se especificaron una serie de modelos estructurales a priori, con rutinas implementadas de invarianza estándar para muestras de hombres y mujeres. Los resultados llevan a diferentes conclusiones: a) La escala parece ser invariable ante el sexo tanto para factores de rasgo como de estado; b) existieron diferencias pequeñas, pero significativas, entre hombres y mujeres en autoestima, favoreciendo ligeramente a los hombres; y, c) no existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres en las medias de la variable latente del factor.
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OBJECTIVE: The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is a widely used instrument that has been tested for reliability and validity in many settings; however, some negative-worded items appear to have caused it to reveal low reliability in a number of studies. In this study, we revised one negative item that had previously (from the previous studies) produced the worst outcome in terms of the structure of the scale, then re-analyzed the new version for its reliability and construct validity, comparing it to the original version with respect to fit indices. METHODS: In total, 851 students from Chiang Mai University (mean age: 19.51+/-1.7, 57% of whom were female), participated in this study. Of these, 664 students completed the Thai version of the original RSES - containing five positively worded and five negatively worded items, while 187 students used the revised version containing six positively worded and four negatively worded items. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied, using a uni-dimensional model with method effects and a correlated uniqueness approach. RESULTS: The revised version showed the same level of reliability (good) as the original, but yielded a better model fit. The revised RSES demonstrated excellent fit statistics, with chi2=29.19 (df=19, n=187, p=0.063), GFI=0.970, TFI=0.969, NFI=0.964, CFI=0.987, SRMR=0.040 and RMSEA=0.054. CONCLUSION: The revised version of the Thai RSES demonstrated an equivalent level of reliability but a better construct validity when compared to the original.
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Humans , Asian People , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of electromyography biofeedback (EMGBF) on motor and psychological function in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods Seventy SCI patients were randomly divided into research and control groups with 35 patients in each.In addition to conventional rehabilitation,the patients in the research group received EMGBF training while those in the control group were treated with medium frequency electrotherapy.To evaluate the patients' self confidence and motor function of their paralyzed limbs,Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (RSES) and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) locomotor function scoring were performed before and six weeks after the interventions in both groups of patients.The changes of EMG of the quadriceps,hamstring and anterior tibial muscles of both groups in maximum contraction were also observed before and six weeks after the interventions.Results There were no significant differences in the RSES scores or ASIA locomotor function results between the groups before the interventions.ASIA locomotor function evaluation scores increased significantly in both groups after the interventions,with significantly better results in the research group.The RSES scores in the research group also improved significantly after the interventions,and RSES scoring and ASIA scoring were positively correlated in those patients.But no significant improvement in average RSES scores was found in the control group.The muscle contraction EMG amplitudes also increased significantly in patients of the research group after the interventions.Conclusions EMGBF training can enhance patients' self-confidence,which helps patients with SCI improve their motor functions.